What is the difference in a deemed IRA Roth and a 401k Roth after tax?

I would fund a Roth 401k up to an employer match, then max Roth IRA, then max Roth 401k - in that order.

The main difference between Roth IRA and Roth 401k is going to be 6k vs. 20k limit, no match vs. match, and no RMD vs. RMD.

Match outweighs RMD so always hit the match first in my opinion. Then, no RMD makes Roth IRA better.

Practical advice here. Roth 401k is solid. Do that and max out other pretax retirement accounts and you’ll be set.

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Why not just roll that into a Roth IRA if this is a concern

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Doesn’t the company have to authorize/allow after-tax 401k contributions being rolled over to a rIRA?

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I think you refer to the mega backdoor Roth. I think you are correct in that for a MBR your company has to allow that type of conversion (which could be done once a year as I understand the rules).

But I was referring to the point after someone retired or left their employer. At that point there should be the ability to roll the 401k contributions into a vehicle with the same tax status.

Which should mean you could move your 401k contributions into either another 401k or IRA. Your pretax 401k could be moved into a traditional IRA and the post tax (Roth) 401k contributions could be rolled into a Roth IRA. That type of movement should be a rollover but not a conversion since it shouldn't change the tax status of the retirement savings.